

France, women’s dresses between 1794 and 1800.
From Geschichte des Kostüms (The costume history) vol. 5, by Auguste Racinet, Berlin, 1888.
(Source: archive.org)
(Source: oldbookillustrations)

May 19, 1802: Legion D’Honneur Established
On May 19, 1802, Napoleon Bonaparte established the Legion D’Honneur. It is the highest decoration in France. There are five degrees that can be awarded: Knight, Officer, Commander, Grand Officer, and Grand Cross.
“Honneur et Patrie”
History Meme: War Napoleonic Wars (1803 - 1815)
“You must not fight too often with one enemy, or you will teach him all your art of war”

Guard Cossacks charge a French battery at Tarutino (Chernishnaya) October, 18th, 1812
After the colossal battle of Borodino just a month prior, Kutuzov knew the Russian Army could not sustain another pitched battle and decided to abandon Moscow; moving his forces southeast along the Ryazanskaya road and turned again to cross the Moskva river to pitch camp. French Marshal Murat was charged with pursuing the Russian Army, presumably following Kutuzov. Bands of cossacks had mislead Murat into thinking the Russians never turned and made camp. Instead of retreating when he realized his mistake, he also made camp to keep tabs on the Russian Army and perhaps decipher (guess) Kutuzov’s next move. Kutuzov then ordered General Bennigsen to move up three infantry columns during the dead of night to surprise the French. By the next morning, a majority of the Russian units were lost, with the exception of the Cossacks and some forward jäger units. Taking the initiative of surprise, the Cossacks furiously charged the French camp, capturing over 38 cannons. When the French had regrouped and counter attacked, the Cossacks scattered. Due to the lateness of the other Russian units, the French had time to prepare a defense. When the Russian infantry emerged from the forest, they were met with French volley fire, by which, one of the Russian generals, Karl Gustav Baggehufwudt, was killed. Despite the initial setback, the Russians charged and surrounded the French forces, with Murat barely escaping capture. The Russians suffered 1,200 dead/wounded, but had captured 38 French guns and over 2,000 French POWs. While the battle lacked the massive casualties of Borodino, it was regarded by the Russian general staff to be a massive victory, for neither side had captured so many artillery pieces in a previous single engagement. Czar Alexander I commented on the loss of General Baggehufwudt, “I have lost a brave commander, useful to the fatherland.” The battle was considered a turning point in the war and was one of the main reasons why Napoleon decided to abandon Moscow.